Beijing has called the presence of a US warship near a disputed island in the South China Sea “a serious political and military provocation”.
The USS Stethem sailed close to Triton Island, part of the Paracel Islands archipelago, claimed by China and others.
China responded by sending military vessels and fighter jets to the area.
It happened hours before US President Donald Trump and Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping spoke on the phone.
During the call, Mr Xi told Mr Trump that “negative factors” were affecting US-China relations, according to a read-out of the call carried on Chinese state TV.
A White House statement about their call did not say if they had discussed the incident. It said the leaders had instead “reaffirmed their commitment to a denuclearised Korean peninsula”.
The US has repeatedly warned China against its occupation and aggressive reclamation of islands in disputed waters, but Beijing says it is within its sovereign rights to do so.
What happened near Triton Island?
In a statement late on Sunday, China’s foreign ministry confirmed reports that the USS Stethem had entered waters claimed by China.
The warship had sailed within 12 nautical miles of Triton Island – which is also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam – as part of its “freedom of navigation” operations, according to news agencies and Fox News citing US defence officials.
UN rules dictate that any territory can claim the waters up to 12 nautical miles from its coast. The sailing of a US ship within those limits indicates the US does not recognise the territorial claim.
Beijing said it would use “all necessary means to defend national sovereignty and security”.
It also accused the US of “deliberately stirring up troubles” in the region as China and Southeast Asian neighbours have “cooled down and improved the situation”.
China has been embroiled in maritime disputes with several of its regional neighbours in recent years.
Why did the US warship sail to the island?
The US conducts a programme called “freedom of navigation” which the State Department says is to highlight the need to protect global maritime rights.
The US, it says, will not acquiesce “in unilateral acts of other states designed to restrict the rights and freedoms of the international community in navigation and overflight and other related high seas uses”.
It views Beijing’s construction of artificial islands on disputed reefs in the South China Sea as a threat to freedom of navigation.
The military operation is the second since Mr Trump took office. In May, the USS Dewey sailed less than 12 nautical miles from an artificial island built by China called Mischief Reef, which is part of the Spratly Islands.
US Defence Secretary James Mattis said a few days later that the US would not accept China’s militarisation of man-made islands in the region.
In previous years, the US has conducted such operations against China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam.
What is the South China Sea dispute about?
Rival countries have wrangled over territory in the South China Sea for centuries, but tension has steadily increased in recent years as Beijing has begun re-asserting its claims.
The area is a major shipping route, and a rich fishing ground, and is thought to have abundant oil and gas reserves.
The various islands and waters are claimed in part or in whole by Taiwan, China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei.
Much of the conflict has been centred on two clusters of islands, the Paracels and Spratlys.
China claims the largest portion of territory, saying its rights go back centuries, and issued a map in 1947 detailing its claims.
Under President Xi Jinping, China has ramped up its territorial assertions, building artificial islands and military facilities on reefs while also carrying out naval patrols in disputed waters.
But China denies the accusations of militarisation, saying the facilities are for civilian and defence purposes.
Last year an international tribunal rejected Chinese claims to the area, backing a case brought by the Philippines. China called the ruling “ill-founded” and said it would not be bound by it.
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