Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the normal brain’s function. The condition makes a person hard to communicate with and relate to other people.
The disability is part of the autism spectrum and therefore is sometimes referred to as an autism spectrum disorder, or an ASD.
It is believed that symptoms occur in the first two years of an individual’s life and the condition remains with the person for his/her whole life.
Autism affects children of all races, both boys and girls in all geographic regions, and is on the rise. In India, it is said that about 10 million people have been affected with autism.
In order to create awareness about the disability, World Autism Awareness Day is observed on 2 April every year since 2008. Since then, the Autism Day has been celebrated with specific fundraising and awareness-raising events every year.
Causes
It is not known what causes autism, however, many researchers believe genetics is 90% responsible of the risk of a child getting autism. Some cases are linked to chemical exposure during pregnancy.
Symptoms
Symptoms may include – impairments in social interaction, impairments in communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviour.
Symptoms and severity may also differ for each child in each of the affected areas.
Also, parents often observe that their child with autism avoids eye contact with others and prefers to play alone.
It is found that majority of the children with autism have below-normal intelligence, and teenagers with the condition often suffer from depression and anxiety.
Also, some of the autistic kids develop seizure disorder like epilepsy as they enter their teens.
Parents should seek timely medical help if their child develops symptoms similar to ASD. While the symptoms related to autism can also be linked with other developmental disorder, early treatment can make a big difference.
Coping and support
For parents, caring for a child with autism can be physically, emotionally challenging.
But, it is important for parents to learn about the disorder as this will help them better understand their child.
Talking to other families of children with ASD may provide useful tips and advice in caring for an autistic kid.
Also, apart for medical care, parents should keep themselves updated with latest technologies and therapies.
Prevention
Autism cannot be cured, but it can be treated and children can improve their language and social skills.
Since some cases are linked to chemical exposure during pregnancy, it is recommended to avoid alcoholic beverages, drugs during pregnancy. Also, getting immunized against German measles (rubella) prior to pregnancy can prevent rubella-associated autism.
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